Armenia’s Government Proposes Removing Catholicos Karekin II as Part of ‘Spiritual Security’ Policy

Armenia’s newly re-elected government has introduced “spiritual security” as a key policy focus, positioning the reform of the Armenian Apostolic Church as a matter of national security. This agenda is outlined in the government’s draft five-year action plan, published on August 20, and includes proposals for the removal of Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II and the election of a new Church leader.

The policy outlines the need for Church reform to establish a “value-based spiritual life,” align the Church with canonical norms, and prevent its politicization or use as a platform for external influence. It also proposes the adoption of a new Church charter and the subsequent election of a new Catholicos. These measures are framed as essential to safeguarding the nation’s spiritual integrity.

The inclusion of such an agenda has sparked significant constitutional and democratic concerns. Over the past year, there have been multiple instances of state interference in the internal affairs of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which has been closely monitored by the Democracy Watch initiative. This process has been criticized for crossing constitutional boundaries and violating norms of democratic governance.

Including the removal of the Catholicos in the government’s five-year program marks a significant escalation. While the issue was previously part of the ruling party’s pre-election platform, its inclusion in the government’s official program elevates it to a state policy level. This contradicts the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia and legislation on religious freedom, which clearly delineate the roles of the state and religious institutions.

The government’s use of the term “spiritual security” is seen as problematic. By framing a religious and personal sphere as a matter of national security, it aligns more with authoritarian systems than democratic governance. This terminology raises concerns about the erosion of religious autonomy and the potential for state overreach into ecclesiastical matters.

The policy’s implications extend beyond domestic concerns, as they conflict with Armenia’s international obligations regarding freedom of religion and the autonomy of religious organizations. The proposed reforms risk undermining the independence of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a cornerstone of Armenian identity and heritage.

This situation highlights the tension between state authority and religious autonomy, a theme echoed in Micah 6:8, which calls for justice, mercy, and humble service. The challenge lies in ensuring that the state respects the autonomy of religious institutions while fulfilling its responsibilities to the nation.

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